Inherent safer design for chemical process of 1,4-dioldiacetate-2-butene oxidized by ozone

Abstract

Oxidation reaction is the typical thermal runaway reaction, and the reaction of 1, 4-dioldiacetate-2-Butene oxidized by ozone was investigated in this study. Firstly, the thermal hazards of the oxidative exothermic reactions were identified and evaluated combined process risk assessment method. The Qualitative Assessment for Inherently Safer Design (QAISD) was used to identify the risk of the reaction process. Meanwhile, the Reaction Calorimeter (RC1^e) was used to obtain the thermal properties of the oxidation reaction. Then the inherent safer designs (ISD) were proposed according to the risk assessment results to increase the level of safety of chemical industry technique. 1) ISD I: reaction temperature was improved to –5?°C, and ventilation rate was improved to 200?L?h^?1. 2) ISDII: using a tubular reactor as reaction vessel. The results indicated that the severity of the reaction hazard was reduced by 43%, and safety was improved significantly via two ISDs. Moreover, the inherent safety level of the reaction was increased by 63% and 43.4% via ISD Iand II, respectively. The reaction process get closer to inherent safety theories of “minimize,” “substitute,” and “moderate”.     

藻钙生态装饰板的制备与性能研究

以胺基改性硅藻土为藻类基体,硫酸钙、磷酸钙为钙质晶体,玻璃纤维为增强相,经搅拌混合、成型、干燥养护及表面处理等工艺,制备了一种兼具装饰性、优异物理性能以及空气净化功能的藻钙生态装饰板材.研究了硅藻土改性与藻钙板净化性能相关性,以及硅藻土含量对板材力学性能的影响.结果 表明,硅藻土胺基改性明显提高板材对甲醛的净化效率,硅藻土与甲醛的胺基甲基化反应,以及多孔矿物对甲醛的强吸附作用,使得藻钙复合材料及生态板材具有高效的净化甲醛的功能,甲醛净化效率达99.4％.另外,随着硅藻土添加量从5％增加到16％,板材断裂荷载从267 N上升至293 N,随后又下降至254 N,呈先上升后下降趋势.藻钙板还展现出了丰富立体的装饰效果,能用于吊顶、墙体等.     

Defect chemistry of A site nonstoichiometry and the resulting dielectric behaviors in SrxTi0.985(Nb2/3Zn1/3)0.015O3 ceramics

Defect chemistry of Sr site nonstoichiometry in Sr_xTi_0.985(Nb_2/3Zn_1/3)_0.015O₃ ceramics and the resulting effects on the structure and dielectric behavior are systematically investigated by experiment and density functional theory (DFT) methods. The results indicate that, appropriate Sr deficiency benefits the dielectric properties and grain growth due to the creation of Sr vacancy. While Sr excess deteriorates the dielectric properties and inhibits the grain growth by forming a Ruddlesden-Popper structure. In Sr-deficient sample, more point defects arise and aggregate into defect clusters, resulting in great changes in local structures and the enhancement of dielectric properties. The Sr vacancy benefits the generation of oxygen vacancy, thus facilitating the localization of electrons and the decrease in dielectric loss. Besides, the electronic polarization and structural polarization are also improved by Sr vacancy and the resultant oxygen vacancy, leading to the further enhanced dielectric properties. These findings may facilitate the development of defect engineering towards novel multifunctional electronic materials.     

羰基合成高碳醇工艺进展及费托烯烃产品氢甲酰化

开发煤制高碳伯醇技术,对煤炭的清洁利用和国家能源安全有重要意义。煤制油项目的试车成功为羰基合成高碳醇提供了丰富的α-烯烃原料。概述羰基合成催化剂体系的工业发展历程和低压液相循环氢甲酰化工艺生产应用,介绍了费托产品为主要原料制备高碳醇国内外相关的技术发展现状。同时对开发水/有机两相体、氟两相、超临界流体等液/液两相催化体系应用费托的高碳α-烯烃氢甲酰化作了系统阐述,并对其应用前景进行了评价。对打破国外技术壁垒,自主研发高碳醇羰基合成工艺应用费托产品寄予展望。     

对矿产品国际贸易定价权本质的探讨

在矿产品的国际贸易中,国际垄断集团每年从中国可以获得成百上千亿美元的垄断利润。中国无论是作为矿产品的最大消费国还是最大供给国,都没有矿产品的定价权,价格都由国际垄断集团所控制。国际垄断集团控制矿产品价格的手段很多,但最主要的方法是通过控制全球低成本的矿产资源开发量来控制价格。西方发达国家的政府是为垄断资本服务的,幕后的决策者是垄断资本和金融寡头;在中国,起支撑和主导作用的国有企业资产是由政府监管的。但由于我国仍处于社会主义初级阶段,中国特色社会主义市场经济体制下的市场竞争比较充分,而要以我国市场中各分散的企业与国际垄断集团竞争,获取矿产品定价权是非常困难的。我们只有组织起来,团结一致,创新机制,做到知己知彼,以正确的战略思想做指导,灵活运用各种策略,才有希望摆脱被控制的局面。     

In situ polymerization of flame retardant modification polyamide 6,6 with 2-carboxy ethyl (phenyl) phosphinic acid

A novel halogen-free flame retardant copolyamide 6,6 (FR-PA66) was prepared successfully by in situ polymerizing with adipic acid hexamethylene salt and 2-carboxy ethyl (phenyl) phosphinic acid (CEPPA). The elemental composition and chemical structure of FR-PA66 were characterized by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer and ¹³C Nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer. The flame retardancy, thermal stability, and morphology of char residues were also investigated by the limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL 94 test, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that FR-PA66 samples had much better flame retardancy and char formation ability than pure PA66 after the flame retardant modification. The LOI values were increased from 24.0 to 28.0% by adding 6 wt % of CEPPA and all FR-PA66 samples were rated as V-0 rating in UL-94 test. Furthermore, the thermal stability analysis indicated that in situ polymerization with CEPPA effectively decreased the initial decomposition temperature and increased the amount of char residue. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 137, 48687.     

无人机天线在雷电效应中的响应研究及性能检测

机载天线安装在无人机表面,容易成为雷电附着点,对无人机的飞行安全会产生严重威胁。 为开展相关设计,并验证设 计的有效性,针对 UHF 机载天线为研究对象,设计了片段式导流条和端口射频雷电抑制器的防护方案。 先后进行了初始先导 附着试验、外部部件瞬态感应试验、电性能测试和系统评估计算。 试验结果表明,天线损伤程度降低,片段式导流条对天线的电 性能影响不超过 0. 3 dB,射频雷电抑制器不影响驻波比、增益。 最终链路余量满足大于 3 dB 的要求,证明了设计的有效性。     

概念辨析：建筑评论的思辨实践

建筑评论是一项针对具体对象,将目之所及的事物背后不可视的背景、思想、价值判断、驱动力等,转化为可以言说、可以讨论、具有建筑学和文化社会意义的思辨性活动。[1]这项活动的基础工作之一是概念的辨析与运用。因此,在东南大学建筑学院开设的"建筑评论课",通过课程主题的组织,在帮助学生建立多维批评视野的同时,以概念辨析为切入点,通过基于精读、研究的写作训练,实现思辨性思维的培养、学术素养和写作的培训,以及对建筑评论和中国现当代建筑话语的理解。     

Electrospinning preparation and dye adsorption capacity of TiO2@Carbon flexible fiber

TiO₂@carbon flexible fiber was prepared by combining electrostatic spinning technology and hydrothermal synthesis method. The XRD, SEM, TEM and Zeta potential techniques were used to characterize the phase, microstructure and surface charge properties of the samples. The growth mechanism of TiO₂ nanoarray on carbon flexible fiber with different morphologies was studied, and the dye adsorption capacity of the samples was evaluated by methylene blue (MB) degradation effect. The results showed that proper doping amounts of TiO₂ particles improved the flexibility and the hydrophilic property of carbon fiber significantly, which was conducive to the deposition and growth of TiO₂ on the carbon fiber. With the increase of hydrothermal time, the TiO₂ nanoarray grew denser gradually along the [110] crystal surface. The negative charge on the surface of carbon fiber increased, which was benefited to the removal of MB. The dye adsorption capacity of TiO₂@carbon fiber was resulted from the synergistic effect of physical adsorption (carbon fiber) and photocatalysis (TiO₂) process.     

Wet Oxidation Treatment of Radioactive Spent Ion-Exchange Resin

Radioactive waste ion-exchange resins have been treated by cement solidification directly, however, the effect of cement is unsatisfactory. In order to find other proper treatment methods, many investigations have been carried out. Especially, wet oxidation treatment technology is favored by many researchers because of its short treatment cycle and high volume reduction ratio. In this work, the reaction mechanism, process characteristics and industrial application of the wet oxidation treatment of radioactive spent ion-exchange resins were summarized. The analysis of the acid boiling degradation, Fenton wet oxidation technology, steam reforming process and supercritical water oxidation method had been focused. Mainly for the acid digestion, steam reforming process, supercritical water oxidation and Fenton wet oxidation were compared by the status of research at home and abroad and industrial applications, combined with the advantages and disadvantages of each method and the ease of post-processing,and considering the perspective of nuclear safety and convenient for subsequent processing, four treatment methods were briefly analyzed by comparing the advantages and disadvantages of each method. The results indicated that Fenton wet oxidation treatment of radioactive spent ion exchange resin was one of the feasible schemes.